You may want to think twice 😳

Researchers have uncovered a surprising link between herpes and dementia, raising questions about how infections acquired earlier in life could impact brain health later on. A recent study from **Uppsala University in Sweden** suggests that individuals with herpes may be **twice as likely to develop dementia** compared to those without the virus.

Herpes is extremely common. According to the **World Health Organization (WHO)**, approximately **3.8 billion people under age 50** carry herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which causes oral herpes, while about **520 million people aged 15–49** have HSV-2, responsible for genital herpes. Most infected individuals experience mild or no symptoms and may unknowingly spread the virus through intimate contact, including kissing or sexual activity.

While herpes is typically associated with skin sores, researchers are now examining its potential impact on brain health. Uppsala University tracked **1,000 seniors over 15 years**, monitoring cognitive changes. Their findings suggest herpes could be linked to **dementia**, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. Scientists suspect repeated viral reactivations may trigger **chronic brain inflammation**, a known contributor to neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.

Dementia is a collective term for disorders that progressively impair memory, thinking, and behavior, affecting **more than 55 million people worldwide**, with nearly 10 million new cases each year. By 2030, this number is projected to rise to **78 million**. Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type, primarily affects the **hippocampus**, the brain’s memory center.

The concern with herpes, particularly HSV-1, is that it can remain dormant in nerve pathways and reactivate over time, potentially causing long-term inflammation in the brain. “We still do not have answers regarding causal mechanisms of this association, whether the virus causes the disease or if there is an indirect link,” explained **Erika Vestin**, lead author of the study.

Experts caution that having herpes **does not guarantee** dementia. Many other factors—such as **diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and lack of physical activity**—play a larger role in cognitive decline. Nevertheless, the study underscores the importance of monitoring infections and considering how early-life health may influence long-term brain function.

To reduce the risk of spreading herpes, WHO recommends: talking openly with partners, avoiding sexual activity during outbreaks, using condoms, and not sharing items that contact saliva.

While more research is needed, this study highlights the intricate ways in which our health is interconnected—and how even common infections may have long-term implications for brain health.